Analyses included 179 280 individuals seeking OUD treatment (mean [SD] age, 33.2 [11.0] years; 90 196 [50.3%] men), with 6362 Black individuals (7.1%), 1054 Hispanic individuals (1.2%), and 75 012 White individuals (83.6%), and 7318 individuals (8.2%) identified as other race or ethnicity, including people who declined to answer or fell into categories other than Black, Hispanic, or White (Table 1). There were 47 488 individuals (26.5%) with a cooccurring SUD during the baseline period. Of all individuals, 67 292 (37.5%) received buprenorphine during the first treatment episode, compared with 3091 individuals (1.7%) receiving ER naltrexone and 5967 individuals (3.3%) receiving oral naltrexone. Additionally, 102 930 individuals (57.4%) received no buprenorphine or naltrexone during the first treatment episode, of whom 40 964 individuals (39.8%) did not receive any buprenorphine or naltrexone during insurance enrollment. With regards to cooccurring mental health conditions overall, 62 036 individuals (34.6%) had a diagnosis for an anxiety order and 73 255 individuals (40.9%) had a diagnosis for a mood disorder; psychotic (5730 individuals [3.2%]) and personality (5105 individuals [2.9%]) disorders were less common. Fewer than
