Alcohol-induced deaths were defined conservatively as deaths for which alcohol held a population attributable fraction of 1, ie, deaths that are, by definition, due to alcohol consumption and could be avoided if alcohol were not involved.10 Such deaths were identified from the underlying cause of death recorded in death certificates using the 14 following International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) codes, as used by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to quantify alcohol-induced deaths1: alcohol-induced pseudo-Cushing syndrome (E24.4); mental and behavioral disorders due to alcohol use (F10); degeneration of nervous system due to alcohol (G31.2); alcoholic polyneuropathy (G62.1); alcoholic myopathy (G72.1); alcoholic cardiomyopathy (I42.6); alcoholic gastritis (K29.2); alcoholic liver disease (K70); alcohol-induced acute pancreatitis (K85.2); alcohol-induced chronic pancreatitis (K86.0); finding of alcohol in blood (R78.0); accidental poisoning by and exposure to alcohol (X45); intentional self-poisoning by and exposure to alcohol (X65); and poisoning by and exposure to alcohol, undetermined (Y15).
