Early consortium efforts in neuroimaging included the International Consortium for Brain Mapping (ICBM; Mazziotta et al. 1995), which recognized the need to establish normative data on the brain from a wide range of human populations scanned in different parts of the world. The ICBM began with an effort to scan around 150 healthy subjects in Los Angeles, Montreal, and San Antonio, Texas, and grew to include sites in Europe and Asia that broadened the age range and ethnic groups assessed. Later, the ICBM also extended the depth of the neuroimaging measures to include functional MRI and even post mortem histology and cytoarchitecture (Amunts et al. 1999).
