Cannabis dependence was assessed using SSAGA, supplemented by detailed questions, based on those described by Budney et al. (Budney et al., 2004; Budney & Hughes, 2006), to assess potential symptoms of withdrawal. A lifetime diagnosis was obtained by endorsement of 3 of 7 (including withdrawal) criteria clustering within a single 12-month period. However, as the DSM-5 operationalization of withdrawal was unknown at the time of interview, for diagnosing dependence, withdrawal was coded as endorsement of 2 or more of 7 criteria or withdrawal relief.
