Finally, as only anxiety related signals were investigated in the present study, it can not be ruled out whether the here reported effects are emotion specific or related to the perception of social distress signals in general. More studies are needed, exploring as to whether other basic emotions like anger, disgust or happiness chemosensorily induce specific physiological adaptations in the perceiver. In sum, the research on chemosensory communication of emotions may broaden the knowledge about phylogenetically ancient emotions in humans, offering a new method to define basic emotions in humans and understanding emotion related disorders.
