Both positive and negative urgency correlate with problem levels of involvement in several risky behaviors, including problem drinking and pathological gambling (Cyders et al., 2007a; Smith et al., 2007a). Negative urgency has been shown to uniquely predict bulimic symptoms, excessive reassurance seeking, drinking alcohol to cope, dependence on cellular phone use, compulsive shopping, and tobacco cravings (Anestis et al., 2007a; Anestis et al., 2007b; Billieux et al., 2007a; Billieux et al., 2007b; Billieux et al., 2008; Fischer et al., 2003; Fischer et al., 2007; Miller et al., 2003). Additionally, negative urgency is the best predictor of severity of medical, employment, alcohol, drug, family, social, legal, and psychiatric problems in individuals with substance dependence (Verdejo-Garcia et al., 2007).
