Our gSEM for OA brings together novel GWAS data from GENOA and summary statistics from all prior GWAS of OA that included more than 1000 cases and 1000 controls of European ancestry (EA)26–28. GENOA is a new consortium comprised of investigators who attend the National Institute on Drug Abuse Genetics and Epigenetics Cross-cutting Research Team Meetings and who have GWAS data on OA (Supplementary Table 1). In this study, OA refers to a broad meaning of addiction to opioids defined by multiple approaches to measuring the phenotype. The success of both the GENOA and gSEM analyses to maximize sample size and discovery then depends on similar heritability and high genetic correlations across the different measures of OA.
