When investigating the impact of CPA endorsement patterns on lifetime AUD diagnosis, findings revealed CPA endorsement on behavioral questions only increased the hazard for AUD and only in EA women. For AA women, no significant risk for AUD was associated with any CPA endorsement pattern in either model. First, these findings suggest that using trauma checklist items may result in an underestimate of CPA and reduced power to detect effects above and beyond other AUD risk factors. Furthermore, any hazard associated with CPA in AA women disappeared after adjusting for multiple co-occurring risk factors (Table 4). This reflects the specificity of risk conferred by CPA and suggests behaviorally endorsed CPA may be a marker of a pathological family environment more generally. Secondly, as AA girls and women are more likely to be exposed to potentially traumatic events (McCutcheon et al., 2010; Roberts, Gilman, Breslau, Breslau, & Koenen, 2011), they may not be as severely affected as would individuals in populations with lower overall exposure to trauma. Thus, EA women may be more vulnerable (and AA less vulnerable) to the adverse
