Similarly, we performed SMR and HEIDI on the significant FUSION PWAS genes identified for neuroticism, BMI, and WHRadjBMI. For neuroticism, the meta-analysis GWAS summary statistics27 did not include beta and standard error, for which we calculated using the formula z / sqrt(2p(1− p)(n + z2)) and se=1/ sqrt(2p(1− p)(n + z2)), where p is allele frequency and n is sample size, as provided by SMR method paper18.