Quantile–quantile and Manhattan plots for sex-specific genome-wide association meta-analyses. (A) Female case-control analysis quantile–quantile plot. (B) Female case-control analysis Manhattan plot. (C) Male case-control analysis quantile–quantile plot. (D) Male case-control analysis Manhattan plot. In (B) and (D), the horizontal red (upper) line indicates genome-wide significance (p < 5E-8) and the horizontal green (lower) line indicates suggestive subthreshold signals (p < 5E-6).
