Task stimuli were presented from a laptop computer through a data projector to a screen in the MRI room near the foot of the scanner bed. The participant viewed stimuli through a mirror mounted on the head coil. The fMRI task (Kindermann et al., 2004; Tapert et al., 2001), adapted from McCarthy and colleagues (McCarthy et al., 1994), was chosen to explore the neural substrates of SWM functioning and probe the integrity of these brain regions in adolescents at risk for AUD. The task consists of 18 20-second blocks alternating between experimental (SWM) and baseline (vigilance) condition, with blocks of rest (fixation cross in the center of the screen) in the beginning, middle, and end. In the SWM condition, abstract line drawings appear 1 at a time in 1 of 8 locations. Participants are to press a button when a design appears in a location already occupied in that block. On average, 3 of the 10 trials in each block are repeat locations, and repeats are 2-back. In the vigilance condition, the same stimuli are presented in the same locations,
