There were 53 (7.4%) females with CD. Childhood adversity [x2 (df = 3) = 30.6, p<0.0001] and maternal ASP [x2 (df = 3) = 18.0, p = 0.0004] were significantly associated with CD. Paternal ASP was not significantly associated with CD [x2 (df = 3) = 4.34, p = 0.23]. The associations between parental ASP symptoms and childhood adversity as an indicator of passive rGE were assessed by Spearman correlation. Increasing maternal (r = 0.23, p<0.0001) and paternal ASP (r = 0.16, p<0.01) were significantly associated with childhood adversity, indicating a role of passive rGE through maternal ASP on risk for CD.
