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Chunk #25 — Results — Diminishing return in adding more relatives from the same pedigree in an association study

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Effective sample size: Quick estimation of the effect of related samples in genetic case-control association analyses.
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When a mixture of relatives from the same pedigree is included, one can use the averaged correlation coefficient discussed in the Method section. For example, with two siblings and one aunt/uncle, the averaged correlation coefficient r̄ = (1/3)0.5 + (2/3)0.25 = 1/3. The ESS for the two-sib-one-uncle is 1.8, larger than the value of 1.6 for three siblings.