At each time of measurement, participants were asked how often in the past six months they drank enough to “get drunk” (loss of control of physical abilities, unsteadiness, aggressiveness, or nausea) and to “get high” (drowsiness, lightheadedness, etc.). The response scale was a Likert scale ranging from 1=“never” to 8=“nearly every day or more often.” Participants also completed the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST31). At Time 3, they completed the Ethanol Dependence Syndrome Scale32 as well.