Gene-environment correlation for antisocial behavior, particularly evocative rGE, has been reported in adoption studies of CD (Ge et al. 1996; O’Connor et al. 1998). Furthermore, twin studies have reported strong additive genetic and familial effects (as measured by family adaptability) on risk for CD and evidence consistent with the presence of a passive rGE that is associated with risk for CD using an extended twin design (Meyer et al. 2000).
