of the human cortex 166. The same study went further to show that at the molecular level the infection resulted in downregulation of cell-cycle genes and upregulation of apoptosis genes in NPCs. This was further evidenced by abnormal progression of cell cycle, increased cell death/apoptosis, and disrupted neurogenesis by the same study as well as many others 167–173. For a more in-depth overview of the subject see review by Ming et al. 174.