The frequency of genome doubling varied across tumor types (Fig. 6c), reflecting differences in disease specific biology and clinical progression status. Hematopoietic neoplasms (MPD, ALL) had nearly no doubling events, whereas GBM, RCC, prostate cancer, various sarcomas, HCC, and medulloblastoma all had ∼25% incidence of doubling. Genome doubling was more common in epithelial cancers, with colorectal, breast, lung, ovarian, and esophageal cancers all having > 50% incidence of doubling (Fig. 6c). Esophageal adenocarcinoma had the greatest doubling incidence, consistent with previous reports of frequent “4N” populations at various stages of Barrett's esophagus progression 38,39.
