absence of parental divorce) appears to have similar effects as compared to those of parental divorce. Our results highlight the need to consider the influence of parental relationship discord leading up to separation/divorce, as both parental relationship dissolution (e.g., divorce) and conflict between parents are associated with long-term offspring outcomes (Gager et al., 2016; Salvatore et al., 2022; Strohschein, 2012). Investigating whether the influence of parental relationship discord on children’s alcohol outcomes is attenuated when parents dissolve their relationships is an important future direction.
