Where b and c represent the vectors of fixed effects; and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$G\sim N(0,\,GRM \ast \sigma 2G)$$\end{document}G~N(0,GRM*σ2G) represents the random effect that models the sample relatedness, with GRM being the N by N matrix of relatedness estimated from SNPs and N = 10 706 is the number of individuals.
