High-quality layer-fMRI data, as shown in Figs. 1–3, open the door to a new class of connectivity analyses that have not been possible without layer-fMRI specificity. These data are still emerging and are just starting to become available. Nevertheless, we review a number of these new connectivity analysis methods, which we believe might become relevant for a larger research field in the near future (see Fig. 4–9). Layer-dependent functional connectivity data can be used for: