a clinical sample, increased age might also reflect a longer history of problematic consumption and an elevated risk of associated medical problems. This may also explain the non-significant findings in Indiana Biobank SUD cohort - they were about 5 years younger than those in Indiana Biobank liver diseases cohort. In Indiana Biobank samples, being female was associated with reduced probability of remission. Possible explanation for this is that more males had liver diseases than females (65.12% and 58.01% affected males in Indiana Biobank liver diseases cohort and SUD cohort). Taken together, it is likely that participants in Indiana Biobank cohorts resemble those having higher PGSAUD who may have experienced difficulties with remission when they were young and relatively healthy, who then reduced or stopped their drinking as serious health conditions emerged in later life. This again highlights the potential use of PGSAUD to identify high-risk individuals before they develop severe AUD and intervene to reduce the incidence of alcohol-related health problems in later life. We note that, unlike COGA, Biobanks lack some variables of interest that limit our ability to evaluate findings in as much depth as is possible in COGA, which includes AUD severity and family history of remission.
