The second identified association with FEV1/FVC was at 15q23, encompassing the THSD4 gene (rs12899618, P = 7.24 × 10−15; Table 2 and Fig. 2f). THSD4 shows homology with members of the thrombospondin family of extracellular calcium-binding proteins that modulate cellular attachment, proliferation and migration and have been implicated in wound healing, inflammation and angiogenesis29.