clinics. Data were collected between 2004 and 2008. Participants provided written informed consent and were reimbursed AU$50.00. Data reported here include only those individuals (N=1749) who endorsed at least one form of trauma exposure in the interview’s PTSD section; those denying all assessed forms of trauma exposure were skipped out of the section with a PTSD diagnosis coded as missing. The sample for the current report includes 1343 heroin dependent cases [61.1% male; mean age 36.6 (SD 8.5)] and 406 neighborhood controls [47.5% male; mean age 35.5 (SD 10.5)].
