additional research will be necessary to demonstrate generalizability. It is likely that not controlling for case status in regression analyses examining association of the CTF with outcomes impacted estimates of risk. We did so to allow greater comparability across studies and to enable inclusion of opioid dependence as a dependent variable. In addition, our logistic regression results do not definitively address the temporal ordering of observed associations. In some individuals, onsets of some forms of psychopathology (e.g., conduct disorder) may precede that of childhood trauma exposure. We opted to perform regression analyses rather than survival analyses because the CTF provides an estimate of forms of trauma exposure prior to age 18 as opposed to a single discrete event with a well‐defined onset. The Christchurch Trauma Assessment was administered by trained interviewers in a research setting; no attempt has been made to demonstrate its utility in other settings.
