Chunk #0 — STAGES OF ADDICTION

Source

Neurobiologic Advances from the Brain Disease Model of Addiction.

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For heuristic purposes, we have divided addiction into three recurring stages: binge and intoxication, withdrawal and negative affect, and preoccupation and anticipation (or craving).10 Each stage is associated with the activation of specific neurobiologic circuits and the consequential clinical and behavioral characteristics (Fig. 1).