Given the inaccessibility of human neural tissue, human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell-derived neurons and neural progenitor cells (NPCs) represent powerful tools for testing the effects of ethanol on both early brain development and neuronal differentiation in vitro [11]. The inconclusive and controversial findings of previous studies exploring the effects of ethanol on NPCs could be attributed to varying culture methods, approaches, as well as model systems [3, 12, 13]. Furthermore, the intrinsic variability between iPS cell lines derived from different individuals can also contribute to the incongruities in these studies [14].
