Inhibition of astrocytic P2Y1R has resulted in cytokine and chemokine transcriptional suppression and brain protection.247,250 Blocking of hippocampal P2Y1 receptors has shown to enhance synaptic signaling and might be responsible for promotion of antioxidant mechanism that consequently results in pro-survival pathways.249,252 P2Y1R antagonists have also shown to mediate and upregulate the oxidoreductase enzymes by increasing tolerance to hydrogen peroxide.253 A recent study has shown that P2Y1 agonist MRS2365 initiated nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) release after stroke and enhanced neuroinflammatory responses, while P2Y1 receptor antagonist MRS2179 attenuated inflammation and reduced the infarct size.250,251 Furthermore, P2Y1 antagonist has shown to help patients with schizophrenia to experience reduction in unnecessary information and noise entering their brain.254
