associations of the clinical characteristics of alcohol dependence with CD were much less striking that those with ASPD. Thus, it appears that in some populations that a history of childhood conduct symptoms without subsequent adult antisocial symptomatology may be less associated with alcohol dependence and also may be less genetically regulated. While a larger sample size may uncover evidence for a genetic component for CD in this American Indian population, sources of environmental risk factors should also be considered in understanding the etiology of childhood CD.
