A total of 378 children/adolescents (ages 8 to 18) who were either at high (N = 202) or low-risk (N = 176) for developing AD because of multiplex family membership were assessed multiple times (usually annually). High-risk (HR) and low-risk (LR) families had been characterized clinically so that both primary and secondary disorders of the parental generation were known (See Table 1). High-risk offspring from multiplex pedigrees had varying nuclear family characteristics: mother alcohol dependent but father not; father alcohol dependent but mother not; neither alcohol dependent, both alcohol dependent, and one or both unknown (See Table 1). Both studies have ongoing approval from the University of Pittsburgh Institutional Review Board. Participants provided informed consent at each follow-up visit. Children provided assent with parental consent.
