scored one standard deviation above the mean on one of the SURPS measures. Some such trials also specified drinking onset as an additional eligibility criterion (e.g. [60, 77]). Two trials differ in that they target adults recruited from the community living with mental health problems, such as substance dependence [22] or anxiety disorders [44]. The school-based studies delivered interventions in group format, while the adult studies delivered interventions in an individual format. Finally, studies also vary in terms of duration of follow-up from 4 months to 3 years.Table 1Summary of eight randomized trials of personality-targeted interventions for substance misuse and standardized effect sizes (Cohen’s d equivalent)TrialPersonality traits targetedPopulation targetedBehavioural outcomes targetedEffect sizes all reported as Cohen’s d 1. Montreal Prescription Drug and Alcohol Dependence Trial [22]IMP/SS, AS, HOPAlcohol and/or prescription drug- dependent womenInt: n = 78Ctr: n = 45Alcohol useAlcohol QFDependence symptomsRemissionprescription drug use0.47 (0.10 to 0.84)*0.02 (−0.35 to 0.39)0.47 (0.10 to 0.84)*0.46 (0.10 to 0.83)*0.58 (0.03 to 1.13)*2. Canadian Preventure Trial [60]AS, SS, HOPHR secondary students (drinkers)Int: N = 166Ctr: n = 131Alcohol use (4 months)Binge drinking (4 months)Drinking problems (4 months)0.20 (−0.02 to 0.43)0.37 (0.14 to 0.60)*0.32 (0.09 to 0.55)*3. College AS Triala [78]ASCollege studentsInt: n = 51Ctr:
