Standard deviation, Chi-square and two-tail Student’s t-test were performed with the Prism 4 program. p<0.01 was considered significant. For IHC and IF analyses, Bonferroni was used for post hoc analysis when a significant difference was found with ANOVA. Unpaired two-tailed t test was used for other comparisons, including comparisons between control and injected sides within one group. All data are presented as mean ± SD.