status, this general pattern of findings for EC was still evident. Thus, children who improved in regard to EXT problems, as well as children who never experienced them, appeared to be relatively high in EC and low in impulsivity at T3 even when we controlled for T1 levels of these variables. These findings are consistent with the notion that change in individual differences in temperamentally based characteristics might contribute to the emergence of externalizing problems, although the data cannot prove causal relations. In any case, the relation between EC and externalizing problems, although apparently established fairly early, appears to further consolidate with age.
