Four ancestry-stratified association analyses were performed using PLINK version 1.0723 employing logistic regression under an additive model with significant subpopulation-specific MDS dimensions included as covariates to control for residual population stratification. Strata were then combined in a case-weighted meta-analysis in METAL25 assuming a fixed-effects model. For X-chromosome SNPs, males and females were analyzed separately first and subsequently combined by meta-analysis (Supplementary Methods). For all SNPs, two meta-analyses were conducted: a primary analysis with the European-derived strata only (EU, AJ, FC), and an exploratory, secondary meta-analysis including the CVCR/ANT Latin American samples. Heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran’s Q and I2 statistics.
