The bi-factor model in which alcohol-related aggression defined the general factor exhibited configural invariance across men and women, ΔX2(55) = 11.46, p = .999, but not metric invariance, ΔX2(19) = 343.45, p < .001. As in the three-factor model, the bi-factor model exhibited a better fit for men, X2 = 242.72, than women, X2 = 290.28. This differential model fit may be due to the association between drug-related and non-substance-related aggression being stronger for men, β = .33, Z = 8.43, p < .001, and absent for women, β = .05, Z = 0.87, p = .384.
