Although the average level of population differentiation is low (at sites genotyped in all populations the mean value of Wright's Fst is 0.071 between CEU and YRI, 0.083 between YRI and CHB+JPT and 0.052 between CHB+JPT and CEU), we find several hundred thousand SNPs with large allele frequency differences in each population comparison (Fig. 5c). As seen in previous studies4, 39, the most highly differentiated sites were enriched for nonsynonymous variants, suggestive of the action of local adaptation. The completeness of common variants in the low coverage resource enables new perspectives in the search for local adaptation. First, it provides a more comprehensive catalogue of fixed differences between populations, of which there are very few: two between CEU and CHB+JPT (including the A111T missense variant in SLC24A540 contributing to light skin colour), four between CEU and YRI (including the −46 GATA box null mutation upstream of DARC41, the Duffy O allele leading to vivax malaria resistance) and 72 between CHB+JPT and YRI, including 24 around the exocyst complex component gene EXOC6B; see Supplementary Table 7 for a complete list. Second,
