& Gelernter, 2002; Stoltenberg et al., 2002). These contradictory findings suggest a more complex relationship than previously thought as well as the presence of intervening and/or moderating variables. Furthermore, the alcohol-related outcomes varied across the aforementioned studies, which may serve as an additional explanation for discrepant findings. The current study aims to clarify how and under what circumstances variations in 5-HTTLPR increase risk for four alcohol-related outcomes.
