We examined caregiver genotype, and its association with youth genotype was highly significant. Caregiver genotype did not, however, account for the observed susceptibility effect among youth. Interestingly, however, parents carrying the 7-repeat allele showed less change over time in intervention-targeted parenting behavior. Together with the observed susceptibility effect for youth with the 7-repeat allele, this suggests the potential need to craft intervention delivery methods that enhance changes in intervention-targeted parenting for caregivers carrying the 7-repeat allele, particularly when they are caregivers for youth with the same allele. In addition, the results suggest that the explication of the caregiver genotype × child genotype × intervention interaction may prove interesting and important when larger samples permit adequately powered examination of higher-order effects.
