Baseline respondent DSM-III-R disorders included lifetime and recent (in the year before the baseline interview) mood disorders (major depressive, bipolar I, and dysthymic disorders), anxiety disorders (panic disorder, agoraphobia without panic, social phobia, simple phobia, generalized anxiety disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder), substance use disorders (alcohol or other drug abuse or dependence), and antisocial spectrum disorders (conduct disorder and adult antisocial behaviour). These disorders were assessed at baseline with the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI).38–40 Quantity-frequency of alcohol use were assessed with both lifetime (the one year in the respondent’s life when he drank the most) and 12-month questions about how many days in a typical month the respondent drank and number of drinks on days drinking. Frequency of illicit drug use was assessed with both lifetime and 12-month questions about how many days in a typical month the respondent used each of a wide variety of illicit drugs. Baseline history of treatment for emotional-substance problems was defined dichotomously in response to a series of questions about treatment for specific disorders in the CIDI.
