(data not shown), a neurochemical endophenotype observed both in macaques exposed to early life stress and among individuals with early-onset, Type II alcoholism 37, 56. It may be that, in humans, genetic variation that altered CRH system function could influence multiple behavioral dimensions (i.e., both neuroticism and extraversion) and that variants that placed an individual at the extremes of these spectra (i.e., inhibited and anxious/stress reactive vs. bold/impulsive and novelty seeking) could increase the risk for developing alcohol use disorders.
