Chunk #23 — 3. Impact of spatial scale on CSD implementations — 3.1. Empirical considerations for linear (one-dimensional) intracranial recordings — 3.1.1. The cortical dipole and field closure

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Generator localization by current source density (CSD): implications of volume conduction and field closure at intracranial and scalp resolutions.

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found to effectively open the field, and consequently, even symmetric neurons (e.g., stellate cells) can contribute to the volume-conducted field. These simulations also demonstrated a somewhat counterintuitive finding: although the precise localization of focal activity may require a high-resolution CSD, open field activity may be best characterized (quantified) by a downsampled (or spatially filtered) CSD, even if it occurs within a largely cancelled profile3 (Tenke et al., 1993).