et al., 2004; Khan et al., 2005; Lahey & Waldman, 2003). To fully understand the etiology of each disorder, it will be necessary to identify each of these factors and how they work together. Understanding the causal pathways linking neuroticism to the many adverse outcomes associated with it will likely reveal a great deal about commonalities in the mechanisms underlying many seemingly distinct mental health and health problems. This should facilitate the development of both integrated causal models and innovative interventions for preventing and treating the many adverse outcomes associated with neuroticism.