Chunk #20 — Method — Genome-wide Scoring Procedure

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Three mutually informative ways to understand the genetic relationships among behavioral disinhibition, alcohol use, drug use, nicotine use/dependence, and their co-occurrence: twin biometry, GCTA, and genome-wide scoring.

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The k-fold cross-validation algorithm was programmed in the R Environment 2.15.1 (R Development Core Team, 2011), and GWAS conducted using the GenABEL package 1.7–2 (Aulchenko, Ripke, Isaacs, & van Duijn, 2007). Biometric twin models were estimated with the OpenMx package 1.2 (Boker et al., 2011). GCTA analysis used the GCTA program 0.93.9 (Yang, Lee, et al., 2011). Scripts are available upon request.