vitro due to more rapid desensitization of nAChR responses in NPY neurons, and in vivo, as evidenced by an increase in c-fos immunoreactivity predominantly in POMC-positive cells (Huang et al., 2011; Mineur et al., 2011). Thus, as in the mesolimbic system and the cortex, distinct actions of ACh appear to converge through effects on receptor populations with different electrophysiological properties expressed on distinct subsets of neurons to promote a coordinated output, in this case, activation of POMC neurons.