As we seek to document the extent of “generalizion” of effects of alleles that were initially identified in studies of addiction, we test the null hypothesis that clustered positive results from the genome wide association data from addiction vulnerability do not converge with the chromosomal positions of clustered nominally-positive SNPs in comparisons of other phenotypes, eg bipolar vs control samples. Monte Carlo simulations that test this null hypothesis sample from data within the SNP datasets noted above. 100,000 trials allow estimates of the significance of the generalization of the effects of the alleles identified in studies of addiction vulnerability, as noted above.
