between age at first drink and problem alcohol use may also differ for African Americans vs. European Americans, but this has only rarely been investigated. Findings from a longitudinal study of adolescent males indicating a more pronounced elevation in risk for alcohol-related problems in African American (AA) vs. European-American (EA) male early drinkers (Horton, 2007) lends support to this idea, but it has yet to be explored in female adolescents or women.