Early-life exposures were reported on the self-administered family history questionnaire. Participant factors were birth weight (pounds/ounces), gestational age at birth (categorical), single/multiple birth, having ever been breastfed, and having ever consumed soy formula during infancy. Maternal factors were age at the participant’s birth and mother’s exposures during the index pregnancy (pregnancy with the participant): living or working on a farm, smoking, DES use, diabetes (pre-pregnancy or gestational), and pregnancy-related hypertensive disorder (preeclampsia or gestational hypertension). Response categories (definitely, probably, probably not, and definitely not) allowed for additional uncertainty for infancy feeding and maternal factors, with the exception of mother’s age at the participant’s birth. We defined mothers as having gestational diabetes if there was reporting of “pregnancy-related diabetes” and no reporting of diabetes before the index pregnancy. We considered mothers as having gestational hypertension if “pregnancy-related high blood pressure” was reported, and preeclampsia was not reported. Data on maternal hypertension before the index pregnancy was not available.
