Indiana Biobank liver diseases cohort samples were genotyped using Illumina Infinium Global Screening Array (GSA, Illumina, San Diego, CA) by Regeneron (Tarrytown, NY). Indiana Biobank SUD cohort samples were genotyped using Illumina Infinium Global Diversity Array (GDA, Illumina, San Diego, CA) by Sampled (Piscataway, NJ). The same data processing procedure as in COGA was used and both cohorts were imputed to 1000 Genomes Project using the Michigan Imputation Server (Das et al., 2016). The number of AA participants in these Indiana Biobank cohorts is small (N<100), thus we limited our analysis to EA participants only. All Indiana Biobank samples used in the analyses were from unrelated individuals.