It is also noteworthy that the current study did not replicate previously noted associations for cannabis use (13) or dependence (8). These are not unexpected. For cannabis use, our sample excluded individuals who had never used cannabis, thus limiting our ability to detect loci associated with initiation of cannabis involvement. Our lack of replication of one prior locus identified for cannabis dependence in EAs (rs77378271) might further underscore differences between our European samples and those comprising Yale-Penn. A full meta-analysis of these datasets might yield additional novel loci.