In this study, diabetic cases were defined using the following criteria: (a) a self-report of diabetes on the baseline questionnaire, 2nd questionnaire or 3rd questionnaire; and (b) self-report of taking medication for T2D at the time of blood draw; and (c) no diagnosis of T1D in the absence of a T2D diagnosis from the OSHPD (California Residents). Controls were defined as: (a) no self-report of diabetes on any of the questionnaires while having completed a minimum of 2 of the 3 (79% of controls returned all 3 questionnaires); and (b) no use of medications for T2D at the time of blood draw; and (c) no diabetes diagnosis (type 1 or 2) from the OSHPD, HMSA or KPH registries. To preserve DNA for genetic studies of cancer in the MEC, subjects with an incident cancer diagnosis at time of selection for this study were excluded. Controls were frequency matched to cases on age at entry into the cohort (5-year age groups) and for Latinos, place of birth (U.S. vs. Mexico, South or Central America), oversampling African American, Native Hawaiian and European American controls to increase statistical power.
