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Chunk #23 — Results

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Three mutually informative ways to understand the genetic relationships among behavioral disinhibition, alcohol use, drug use, nicotine use/dependence, and their co-occurrence: twin biometry, GCTA, and genome-wide scoring.
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Dependence). The full sample estimates (no GRM cutoff; displayed in yellow) yielded much higher estimates, consistent with the notion that rare-SNP, non-additive, non-SNP, and/or shared environmental effects are contributing to phenotypic similarity, sometimes substantially. It appears, however, that the GCTA estimates from the full sample are highly similar to the additive genetic estimates obtained in the biometric twin results, indicating only small inflation in the GCTA results due to shared environmental confound in the full sample.